Biogenesis and discharge of the rhoptries: Key organelles for entry and hijack of host cells by the Apicomplexa

Rhoptries are specialized secretory organelles found in the Apicomplexa phylum, playing a central role establishment of parasitism. The rhoptry content includes membranous as well proteinaceous materials that discharged into host cell regulated fashion during parasite entry. A set neck proteins form RON complex critically participates moving junction formation invasion. Some bulb associated with and contribute to parasitophorous vacuole membrane while others targeted including nucleus subvert cellular functions. Here, we review recent studies on Toxoplasma Plasmodium parasites shed light key steps leading biogenesis, trafficking, discharge.